What are the indications for implant retention or removal of hardware in spinal infections?

Author: Yvonne Achermann

RECOMMENDATION: In early or acute infections, debridement with retention of the implant might be possible and should always be favored, as removal of the implant carries a great risk for non-fusion despite the risk of chronic low-grade infections with possible implant loosening. In late infections, removal is recommended if feasible.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Consensus

DELEGATE VOTE: Agree: 87%, Disagree: 7%, Abstain: 6% (Super Majority, Strong Consensus)

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