Authors: Koji Yamada, Alexander Montgomery, Yoshihiro Uchida, Mangatt il Rajesh

RECOMMENDATION: The incidence of PBM following spinal surgery varies from 0.1–0.4%. There is insufficient evidence to make any observations as to whether the use of instrumentation affects the incidence of PBM following spinal surgery.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Consensus

DELEGATE VOTE: Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus)

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